'Twagize ibimenyetso 40 biturutse kw'ifira, ariko abaganga bakabura ico turwaye'

Igihe Nicole Farage na mugenzi we Delaney Doney bimukira mu nzu y'igorofa bakirangiza kaminuza, ntibari biteze ko ubuzima bwabo bugiye guhindurwa burundu n'ikibazo co gukikwa n'amagara.

Inyuma y'amayinga make bimukiye mu nzu yo muri Los Angeles, abo bakobwa bageze mu myaka nka 20 n'iyindi, batanguye kugira ibibazo vyo guhumeka nabi, kujugumira, kumeneka umutwe, kubura itiro n'uburuhe budasanzwe.

"Niyumva nk'umuntu yanyoye ubumara, niko Delaney yabwiye BBC, aho yariko yigana ukuntu yumva mu mutwe bitameze neza, ati 'nashobora kuronka agatiro nk'amasaha abiri gusa mu minsi ine yose. Vyaranduhisha cane."

Ubwa mbere, batanguye kwiyumvira ko ivyo bimenyetso vyoba bituruka ku guhangayika (stress).

Abo bana b'abakobwa ntibari bazi ko buhoro buhoro, imibiri yabo iriko inyengeteramwo uburozi.

Inzu yabo yari yaramezemwo ifira munsi y'imbaho zishashe hasi (flooring) no mu mpome.

Dr Andy Whittamore, arongoye ibitaro vy'ishirahamwe Hashma and Lung UK, yabwiye BBC ati: "Guhumeka ifira bishobora kwankiriza bimwe bikomeye amahaha yacu. Bishobora guteza ingwara zo kuziranirwa kw'umubiri (allergies) ingwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero hamwe na hasima (asthma)."

Ifira rikunze kumera ahantu hadindiye, hatari akayaga nko mu gisenge, ku mpome no munsi y'imbaho zishashe hasi.

Ubumara buturuka muri bumwe mu bwoko bw'ifira bushobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye kandi vy'igihe kire kire nka hasima. Mbere no mu bihe bimwe bimwe iyo bikaze hakazamwo kanseri – nk'uko bivugwa n'ishami ry' ishirahamwe mpuzamakumgu rijejwe amagara y'abantu OMS/ WHO.

Riramutse ridakuwe mu nzu, ifira rishobora no kwica.

Dr Whittamore agira ati: "Hasima irica. Iyo umuntu aba mu nzu akikijwe n'ifira, bishobora kumuviramwo hasima."

Aba bakobwa bagiye gusuzuma basanga ifira ryamaze gukwira mu nzu hose, igihe Nicole yabona akama k'amazi hagati na hagati mu cumba ciwe.

Avuga ko utwo dufira tutaboneka ku maso bisanzwe, ariko twakwiragira mu nzu tukabatera ingorane mu magara yabo.

Ifira ni iki?

Ifira ni akanyabuzima ko bwoko bw'ibizinu (fungus) kataboneka kujisho, gakunda gukura mu bibanza bitose, kagakwiragira mu kurekura utubuto tumeze nk'udutetetete (spores) dutembera mu muyaga tugakwiragira ahantu hose.

Ibimenyetso vy'ifira mu nzu biba bigizwe no guhinduka ibara, ugasanga ibice bimwe bimwe vy'impome birirabura, canke birera canke naho bisa n'urwatsi rubisi, hakadindira kandi ukwo kundidira kukumvikanira mu kamoto (kabi) kaho.

Ibice 47% vy'amazu usanga afise ico kibazo co kudindira n'ifira, nk'uko bibondeka mu cigwa cakozwe mu 2013 n'ikigo Clinical & Experimental Allergy, bikagira ingaruka ku mazu agera ku 21% mu bihugu vya Bulaya na 47% muri Amerika.

N'ubwo hari ubushakashatsi buke bwakozwe ku mazu yo mu bihugu vyo mu gace ko hagati na hagati y'imirongo ya tropic ku mubumbe w'isi, icigwa giherutse gukorwa mu Buhinde cerekenya ko mu mihana igera ku 710 mu bumanuko bw'Ubuhinde yarimwo ifira, nayo muri Thailand ya ruguru, amazu agera ku 28.2% arava.

Delaney na Nicole bavuga ko vyabafashe imyaka kugirango bashobore gusubirana mu magara yabo, inyuma yo guhura n'ikibazo c'ifira.

Isuzuma ryayo riragora

Igiteye impungenge gusumba vyose nk'uko muganga Jill Christa abivuga, n'uko abantu bashobora guhura n'izo ngaruka zo guhumanywa n'ifira mu mihana yabo ariko ntibanamenye ko bazifise.

"Abenshi mbere ntibanamenya ko umubiri wabo uriko urahumanywa n' ubumara/ uburozi, nk'uko uyu muganga wo muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yanditse igitabo Break the Mold' abivuga.

Dr Jill avuga ko ifira ikunze kwihisha ahantu hatabona neza, hatari umuco ukwiye nk'inyuma y'impome, munsi y'imbaho canke inyuma y'ibikoresho vyo mu nzu nk'intebe ububati n'ibitanda. Ibi bisobanura ko rishobora kuba mu nzu amezi canke imyaka ata n'uwubiciye ikanda ko rihari.

Kuri Nicole na Delaney, ibintu vyagiye bitera biba nabi. Vyabafashe umwaka wose kugirango bashobore kumenya ko bari bafise ikibazo c'ifira mu nzu.

Nicole agira ati: "Ndibuka ko hari igihe nari ku kazi, umuntu akampa inomero ya terefone nandika ariko sinshobore guhuza ivyo nariko ndumva no kuvyandika."

Ico gihe, niho yabona ko hari ikintu kitagenda neza kandi bikomeye.

"Nari nfise ubwoba. Nahavuye mpeba akazi". Niko Nicole avuga.

Nicole na Delaney bagiye ku baganga benshi, ariko nta n'umwe yashoboye kubasuzuma ngo atore ikibazo bafise.

Nicole yagize ati: "Ndibuka igihe natumbera mu gice gitanga ubutabazi bwihuta (urgence) mu bitaro, muganga anyakiriye akambwira ko ata kibazo nfise. Vyatumye dutakaza icizere cose twari dufitiye ubuvuzi. Twatanguye kwibaza ibiriko biradushikira."

Gupima umuntu yahumanijwe n'ifira biragoye cane kubera ibimenyetso usanga bisa n'ivyo izindi ngwara zihasanzwe nk'akamangu no kuziranirwa (allergies).

Ubushakashatsi buracari mu ntango, baracihweza ingaruka z'ifira ku bantu n'ingene ingwara itera zovurwa.

Mu 2024, ishirahamwe 'Asthma and Lung UK' ryabajije abantu bagera kuri 3652 bafise ibibazo vy'amahaha, basanze ica kane c'abana no hafi ica kabiri c'abakuze bavuga ko ifira rituma ibibazo vyo kuziranirwa (allergies) basanganywe bivyuka.

Muganga Whittamore avuga ko abana ari bo bakarigwa kurusha abandi.

Agira ati: "Amahaha y'abana aba agikura, utyo rero aba ashobora gukarirwa. Kubera guhumeka banyaraguritsa, baraheza bakinjiza intumuka nyinshi y'utubuto (spores) tuvuye kuri iryo fira kurusha abakuze."

Wokwirinda ifira gute?

Tom Colgan ni umuyobozi muri AirFresh, ikigo ciyemeje mu gukura no kurinda ifira mu mazu mu Bwongereza. Avuga ko hari ibintu bikeya umuntu ashobora gukora mu kurinda no kugabanya ifira mu nzu.

Ugurura amadirisha yose mu kiringo c'iminota nka 30 buri munsi mu gihe c'imbeho (winter).

Gumiza inzu yawe ku bushuhe budahinduka bwa degres celcius 18.

Wamane akuma gahuhera umuyaga kagasohora amazi (extractor) mu cumba c'ubwogero, amazi ashobora kuhatera hakadindira mu gihe umaze kuhogera.

Gura akuma gapima urugero rwo kudindira mu nzu yawe. Hamwe ubonye urugero rw'umuhisha (humidity) rurenze ibice 60%, ca wugurura amadirisha.

Guteka bitera inzu kuzamwo umuhisha cane cane mu gikoni. Icuma gihuhera akayaga hejuru y'amashiga usanga kenshi kiba gikora mu gutwara hanze akamoto k'infungurwa, ariko ukwiye kwugurura amadirisha kugirango n'umuhisha ugende hanze, kandi ufundikire inkono zawe.

Colgan avuga ko iyo abantu babonye ifira baca bashaka kurikura bakoresheje imiti y'ubumara (chemicals) ariko bishobora guteza ingorane gusumba.

"Aho ni ho iri fira ritangura kwirwanako kugirango ntirihone. Rica ritangura gushwiragiza utubuto turikomokako tumeze bwa nkungugu, tugatangura kuja kurondera ahandi twoba turakurira tukarwira". Niko Colgna avuga.

Ibibazo vy'ubuzima bitera vyiyongera

Mu gihe ibibazo bifatiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe bikomeza kwiyongera, harimwo imvura nyinshi no kuguma ahantu henshi hatose canke hadindiye, abashakashatsi bavuga ko amazi yonona amazu ashobora no gutuma ingwara ziturutse kw'ifira ziyongera mu bantu.

Ingorane y'ifira mu mazu ni ikibazo gishobora kwirindwa, ariko abantu baba mu nyubako zitateguwe neza, kandi badafise amafranga akwiye yo kuzisanura igihe zaguye ifira, usanga aribo bari mu kaga gusumba abandi.

Kuri Nicole na Delaney, vyabatwaye imyaka itandatu kugirango bashobore gusubirana ubuzima bahoranye.

Nicole yagize ati: "Urugero twari twagezeko mu kubana n'iryo fira rwari runini cane, ku buryo twari twarasinzikaye".

Abaganga bamubwiye ko kubera igihe yamaze aba muri iyo nzu y'ifira, umubiri wiwe wari waratakaje ubudahangarwa, ivyo bikaba vyatumye n'izindi ngwara zuririramwo zikamwandukira.

Mu gihe abandi bagenzi babo baba bari gutembera hanze y'igihugu, canke basohotse kunezerwa, yavuze ko bo na Delaney bo bataba bafise utuguvu dukwiye two gukomeza ubuzima busanzwe.

Delaney agira ati "Twategerezwa kwicara nk'abagandaye ku myaka yacu 20 n'iyindi. Twasa n'abibwe ubuto bwacu kubera ukuntu twari turwaye".

"Kuba twari dufatanye mu nda, umwe wese yumva ko ariho ku bwa mugenzi we, nico catumye dushobora gukomeza ubuzima", niko Nicole amwunganira avuga.