Ingene amamuko yo mu Rwanda akongereza ikumirwa ry'Abatutsi bo muri RD Congo

Umugwi witwaje ibigwanisho wa M23 uri mu ntambara mu buseruko bwa Repuburika ya Demokarasi ya Congo uherutse gufata ibisagara bibiri bikomeye, Goma na Bukavu, imirwa mikuru y'intara za Kivu ya ruguru na Kivu y'Epfo.

Iyo ntambara imaze guhitana abaharurwa mu bihumbi, abandi barata izabo.

Imvo nyamukuru y'urugamba rwawo ivuga ko ari ukurwanya ikumirwa n'iburabuzwa bikorerwa abatutsi baba muri Congo.

Ikibazo c'ikibanza abatutsi bafise muri Congo - n'ingene ivyo bihuye n'urugamba M23 yatanguje - ni urusobekerane cane kandi gifatiye ku kindi co kumenya uwukwiye kwitwa umunye-Congo.

Benshi mu makungu bagiriza M23 ko muri iyo ntambara ivuga ko ari iyo kurwanya ikumirwa, abagwanyi bayo bamaze gukora amahano adashobora kuronka insiguro. Nk'akaroreo ONU na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika barafatiye ibihano abategetsi ba M23 ku bivugwa ko bishobora kuba ari ivyaha vyo mu ntambara, nk'amabi ashingiye ku gitsina no kwica abanyagihugu basanzwe (aba sivire).

Bamwe mu bihweza ibintu n'ibindi vyo mu karere bavuga ko aho kurwanira Abatutsi, M23 - n'Urwanda rwagirizwa kuyishigikira - ahanini barondera kuvoma ubutunzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubutare vyuzuye muri ico gice ca Congo.

Kandi mu batutsi ibihumbi amajana bari muri Congo - nta gitigiri kizwi ku mugaragaro - hariho abadashigikiye ibiriko biraba kw'izina ryabo.

Naho biri uko, abahinga n'amashirahamwe nka ONU barakoze amatohoza ku myaka myinshi y'ikumirwa ry'abatutsi bo muri Congo n'Abanyamulenge - abatutsi baba cane cane muri Kivu y'Epfo.

Ivyo birimwo ubwicanyi bushingiye ku bwoko, gukumirwa ku kazi, n'amajambo y'urwanko avugwa n'abanyaporitike bamwe bamwe.

Umuzi w'iryo kumirwa ni uko abo batutsi bafitaniye isano n'Urwanda -rutwarwa n'umutsi. Mu myaka ya 1990 na 2000, abatutsi benshi bo muri Congo baragize uruhara mu migwi yitwaje ibigwanisho ishigikiwe n'Urwanda yagwanije reta ya Congo ico gihe.

Gufata ko abatutsi bo muri Congo ari ''abanyamahanga'' birashobora gutuma umuntu yicwa.

Bukuru Muhizi, umushakashatsi akaba n'umuhinga mu vy'ubutunzi akomoka mu karere ka Mwenga muri Kivu y'Epfo, yabwiye BBC ko abantu bo mu muryango wiwe bishwe kubera akaranga kabo k'Abanyamulenge n'abatutsi.

Yavuze ko mu myaka itandatu iheze, uwavukana na sekuru n'umuhungu wiwe bishwe n'abasirikare ba Congo n'abandi bagwanyi. Igisirikare ca Congo ntikirasubiza ku busabe bwa BBC bwo kugira ico kibivuzeko.

Muhizi avuga ko umuryango wiwe umaze imyaka amajana uba muri Congo y'ubu kandi ko yifuza ko amakungu yomenya ko abiwe bariko barakorerwa ico yise ''ihonyabwoko mu gacerere''.

Muragwa Cheez Bienvenue, umunyamulenge arwanira uburenganzira bwa zina muntu, yavuze ko rimwe yigeze guhangwa n'umukozi wo ku kibuga c'indege mu gisagara ca Bukavu.

''Narahagaritswe, bambwira ngo nsa na Kagame [Perezida w'Urwanda] baca banyaka hafi ama dorari 150 kugira simpfungwe,'' niko yabwiye BBC, aca yongerako ko ashigikiye urugamba rwa M23.

Imbere y'ubukoroni, igice kimwe ca Congo y'ubu cagenzurwa n'ubwami -bw'Abatutsi - bw'Urwanda. Habaye intambara nyinshi zo kwagura igihugu.

Abatutsi, Abahutu n'ayandi moko barabana muri ubwo bwami bw'Urwanda kuva nibura mu kinjana ca 19. Ariko aho abakoroni baciriye imbibe uko babishaka bonyene muri Africa, ubwami bwaciye buvamwo Congo n'Urwanda vy'ubu.

Ariko no mu nyuma hari abatutsi bagiye baragenda muri Congo mu bihe bitandukanye. Hagati mu kinjana ca 20, abakoroni b'Ababirigi barajanye abakozi bavanye mu Rwanda rw'ubu kuja gukora mu mirima yabo, abandi barijanye kurondera ubuzima bwiza gusumba.

Hagati aho abatutsi baragiye muri Congo, bahunga intureka zishingiye ku moko mu Burundi no mu Rwanda.

Ariko bamwe mu batutsi bari muri Congo baratashe inyuma y'ihonyabwoko ryo mu Rwanda mu 1994 ryahitanye abantu batari munsi ya 800.000 ahanini b'Abatutsi, na cane cane ko bamwe mu bagirizwa ko bari bakoze ayo mahano bari baciye bahungira muri Congo.

Uko imyaka yagiye iragenda, abategetsi ba Congo bagiye ''barakurakuranya guha ububasha no kubangamira'' abatutsi nk'uko Jason K Stearns avyandika mu gitabo ciwe The War That Doesn't Say Its Name.

Mu myaka ya 1970, perezida w'ico gihe Mobutu Sese Seko yarahaye ubwenegihugu umuntu wese yamuka mu Rwanda canke mu Burundi, vyasaba gusa ko yaba yari ku butaka bwa Congo imbere ya 1960.

Ariko mu 1981, inama nshingamateka yarisubiyeko kuri ubwo burenganzira hanyuma Abanyamulenge n'ayandi moko y'inkehwa ''barakwa ubwenegihugu aba ayatagira igihugu'' nk'uko biri mu cegeranyo ca ONU.

Mu myaka ya 1990, Abatutsi n'Abanyamulenge barakorewe ubwicanyi butandukanye muri Congo. Nk'akarorero, icegeranyo ca ONU kivuga ko igisirikare ca Congo cafashije imigwi itandukanye yitwaje ibigwanisho kwica Abanyamulenge hafi 300 b'aba sivire mu gisagara ca Baraka mu 1996.

Kivuga kandi ko ''benshi'' mu Banyamulenge n'abatutsi batakaje ubuzi, barakorerwa ikumirwa n'iterabwoba.

Ubu ibwirizwa shingiro rifata ko Abanyamulenge n'abatutsi ari abanye-Congo kandi bamwe muri abo barafise amabanga akomeye mu gisirikare no muri reta. Lt-General Paficique Masunzu, umugabo arongoye urugamba rwo kurwanya M23 muri kamwe mu turere two mu buseruko bwa Congo, ava mu bwoko bw'Abanyamulenge.

Ariko haracari ivyerekana ko n'ubu hari ikumirwa. Mu 2024 abahinga bakorana na ONU bavuze ko muri Kivu y'Epfo, Abanyamulenge babonwa nk'ababangamiye ayandi moko babana. Bene iyo mvugo ikokeza ''urwanko, ikumirwa, n'intureka'', nk'uko abo bahinga babivuga.

Haranabaye ivyegeranyo vyerekana ko hari abasirikare b'abatutsi n'Abanyamulenge bishwe mu ngabo za Congo. Ku bwa Human Rights Watch, ikigwi c'abantu carishe intwazangabo y'umurisirikare w'umunyamulenge mu 2023 ''mu kigaragara k'urwanko rw'ubwoko''.

Abanyaporitike- ab'ubu n'aba kera - nabo barakokeje agatima ko gukumira.

Umuhinga kuri Congo Stearns avuga ko kwanka umutsi vyongerakana iyo M23 iriko iragwana.

Yabwiye BBC ko yabonye ''amajambo ateye ubwoba'' yandikwa ku mbuga hwaniro muri aya mayinga aheze - ''aho abantu mu bindi bice vy'igihugu bashikiriza amakenga ku muntu kanaka, rimwe na rimwe intwazangabo mu gisirikare canke mu giporisi ... kubera uko asa, bavuga ko abantu bamwe bamwe basa n'abanyarwanda''.

N'ubwo bamwe mu batutsi b'abanye-Congo bashobora kuba bashigikiye M23, Stearns avuga ko ''benshi batewe umutima uhagaze n'ingaruka bizobagirako, kuko na none, ibi bisigura ko bazofatwa nk'abitwaje ibigwanisho bahemukiye igihugu''.

Reta ya Congo ubwayo yarigeze kwiyamiriza ikumirwa ry'abatutsi. Nk'akarorero, muri uyu mwaka perezida Félix Tshisekedi yaravuze ko ''yarambiwe'' n'imvugo yo kwanka Abanyamulenge aca avuga ko bene ayo majambo aha Urwanda icitwazo co gutera Congo.

Ariko, Bienvenue ku rundi ruhande aremeza cane ko ubwoko bwiwe bukumirwa, agatanga akarorero ka mushikiwe yigezwe kwirukanwa mu kazi inyuma yo kubwirwa ko ''asa n'intasi y'umunyarwanda''.

Ariko umuryango wiwe aho uba uhamaze imyaka amajana.

''Abanyamulenge bari ngaha kuva Congo yiswe Congo!'' niko avuga.

Emery Makumeno ari Kinshasa yaraterereye muri iyi nkuru.