Ni nde Abu Mohammed al-Jawlani, umukuru w'inyeshamba za HTS zigeramiye Perezida al-Assad wa Syria?

Abarwanyi b'umuhari wiyitirira idini rya Islam, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), ubu ni bo bagenzura Aleppo – igisagara ca kabiri ca Syria – inyuma y'igitero baherutse gukora giturumbuka

Abandi barwanyi ba HTS baciye babandanya basatira igisagara ca Hama kiri mu bumanuko bwa Aleppo, mbere bakaba baraye bacigaruriye, ubu bakaba bariko rasatira igisaga ca Homs.

Umukuru wa HTS, Abu Mohammed al-Jawlani, yagirizwa ihonyangwa ry'agateka ka zina muntu.

Hagati aho, kuva mu myaka mike iheze, abandanya yerekana isura y'umuntu atagendera ku vyiyumviro biri hagati na hagati imbere y'amakungu, ariko Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zibandanya zemera guha agashimwe k'imiriyoni cumi z'amadorari ku muntu wese yoramuka atanze amakuru yotuma afatwa.

Al-Jawlani yaje gute?

Abu Mohammed Al-Jawlani ni izina ry'iritazirano. Izina ryiwe nyaryo n'imyaka yiwe biracaharirwako.

Al-Jawlani yabwiye ikinyamakuru PBS co muri Amerika ko izina ryiwe ry'amavuko ari Ahmed al-Sharaa kandi ko ari umunya-Syria yamuka ku muryango wavuye mu karere ka Golan.

Avuga ko yavukiye i Riyadh, umugwa mukuru wa Arabia Sawudite – aho se yakora ico gihe - hanyuma agakurira i Damas, umugwa mukuru wa Syria.

Ariko, hari ayandi makuru avuga ko yavukiye i Deir ez-Zor, mu buseruko bwa Syria, kandi hari n'ibihuha bivuga ko yize ivy'ubuganga imbere y'uko aba umurwanyi wa Kisilamu.

Ivyegeranyo vya ONU n'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya bivuga ko yavutse hagati ya 1975 na 1979. Igipolisi mpuzamakungu (Interpol) kivuga ko yavutse mu 1979. Ikinyamakuru As-Safir kivuga ko yavutse mu 1981.

Al-Jawlani yashitse gute ku burongozoi bw'umuhari wiyitirira idini rya Islam?

Bivugwa ko Al-Jawlani yinjiye mu murwi w'intagondwa wa al-Qaeda muri Iraki inyuma y'aho mu 2003 ingabo mvamakungu zari zirongowe na Amerika zitereye iki gihugu.

Uru runani rwihutiye kwomora ku butegetsi Perezida Saddam Hussein n'umugambwe wiwe wa Baath, ariko ruca ruhangana n'imirwi yiyitirira idini rya Islam yarwanira hamwe.

Mu 2010, ingabo za Amerika muri Iraki zarahagaritse al-Jawlani zimupfungira mw'ikambi y'ahitwa Bucca, hafi y'urubibe Iraki ihana na Koweit. Hano, nta nkeka ko yahahuriye n'abandi barwanyi biyitirira idini rya Islam bahavuye bashinga icitwa Reta ya Ki-Isilamu (Etat Islamique/Islamic State, IS mu mpfunyapfunyo y'icongereza), harimwo umukuru wa IS muri Iraki, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Al-Jawlani yabwiye ibinyamakuru ko inyuma y'aho hadukiye intambara muri Syria yo kurwanya ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Bashar al-Assad mu 2011, al-Baghdadi yamuteguriye ingene yoja muri ico gihugu kugira ngo atanguzeyo ishami ry'uno muhari.

Al-Jawlani yabaye umukuru w'inyeshamba z'umurwi wiswe Nusra Front (canke Jabhat al-Nusra) wari ufitaniye mu mpisho isano na IS.

Mu 2013, al-Jawlani yarahagaritse ubucuti Nusra Front yari ifitaniye na IS, aca ayishira mu minwe ya al-Qaeda.

Hagati aho, mu 2016 yasohoye ubutumwa aho yifashe amajwi atangaza ko yavavanuye kandi na al-Qaeda .

Mu 2017, al-Jawlani yatangaje ko abarwanyi biwe bishize hamwe n'iyindi mihari y'inyeshamba muri Syria kugira ngo bashinge Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). Al-Jawlani ni we ahagarariye umuhari wose.

Al-Jawlani ni indongozi nyabaki?

Ku burongozi bwa al-Jawlani, HTS yabaye umuhari nyamukuru w'inyeshamba muri Idlib no mu micungararo yaho, mu buraruko bushira uburengero bwa Syria.

Imbere y'intambara, iki gisagara cari gifise abanyagihugu imiriyoni 2.7, bamwe bakavuga ko caduze kikagera ku miriyoni zine kubera cakiriye abateshejwe izabo n'intambara.

Igenzura "Reta yUbutabazi", ikora nk'ubutegetsi bw'akarere mu ntara ya Idlib mu gutanga ubuvuzi, uburezi, n'umutekano wo hagati.

Al-Jawlani yabwiye PBS mu 2021 ko yanse gukurikira amayeri ya al-Qaeda yo gukora intambara kw'isi yose. Yavuga ko intego yiwe nyamukuru ari ukwirukana Perezida al-Assad wa Syria, kandi ko Amerika n'ibindi bihugu vy'Uburengero vyari bisangiye na we iyi ntego.

Ati: “Aka karere nta ngorane gateye ku mutekano w'Uburaya na Amerika. Aka karere si urubuga rwo guteguriramwo intambara ishingiye kw'idini rya Islam".

Mu 2020, HTS yarugaye ibigo vya al-Qaeda muri Idlib, ifata ibirwanisho vyayo yongera irapfunga bamwe mu bategetsi bayo. Iramaze kandi no gufata ingingo zo gutuza ibikorwa vya IS muri Idlib.

HTS itegeka ikoreshwa ry'amategeko ya Islam mu turere igenzura, ariko atari ku rwego rukaze nk'iyindi mihari yiyitirira idini rya Islam.

Irakorana ku mugaragaro n'abakristu be n'abandi atari aba- Islam. Imigwi yiyitirira idini rya Islam iranegura umuhari HTS kubera ibona ko wiyoroheje cane.

Hagati aho, amashirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yagiriza HTS kubuza imyiyerekano kandi ko ihonyanga agateka ka zina muntu. Al-Jawlani arahakana ibi birego.

Ibihugu bitari bike vy'Uburengero n'ivyo mu Buseruko bwo Hagati vyarashize HTS ku rutonde rw'imirwi y'iterabwoba, eko n'Inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano kw'isi ni ko kw'uko.

Bivanye n'uko al-Jawlani yahoze afitaniye ubucuti na al-Qaeda, reta ya Amerika yariyemeje gutanga agashimwe k'imiriyoni 10 z'amadorar y'Abanyamerika ku nkuru iyo ari yo yose yofasha mw'ihagarikwa ryiwe.